Common Sockets In Our Market

Socket AM2:

Socket AM3:

Socket 775:

Socket 1155:

Socket 1156:

Laptop LCD screen turned completely white

What can you do if the laptop LCD screen turned completely white? From my experience I can tell that this problem may be related to the following:
1. Loose connection between the video cable and the LCD screen.
2. Defective LCD screen.
3. Defective motherboard (I assume the graphics card is integrated into the motherboard).

Here’s an example of a laptop with white screen. When you turn on the laptop, it starts but the image on the screen is completely white right from the beginning. In my case it was a Toshiba Satellite M45 laptop but this problem may occur with any other brand.

Most likely you still can use the laptop with an external monitor. Just connect the monitor to the VGA port on the back or side of your laptop and then switch the video output from internal to external mode.
On Toshiba laptops you can toggle between internal and external screens using Fn+F5 keys. Hold down Fn and press on F5 until you get video on the external monitor.
On IBM laptops use Fn+F7.
On HP laptops use Fn+F4.
It’s possible that you have to use a different key combination on your laptop but you get the idea.
On some laptops, in order to be able to use the external monitor, you have to connect it to the laptop and then restart the laptop so the external monitor is detected by the laptop.

I noticed that in some cases the laptop screen may turn white because of poor connection between the video cable and the LCD screen. If you want to check this connection, you’ll have to take apart the display panel because the connector is located on the back side of the LCD screen.
These laptop service manuals and disassembly instructions may be useful.

I always check the video cable connection first. Reconnecting the video cable may fix your problem.
If reconnecting the video cable doesn’t help, most likely you have a problem either with the LCD screen or with the motherboard.

The best way to find out witch one is causing the problem is testing the laptop with another working LCD screen. Without this test you’ll have to guess because as I mentioned before this could either bad motherboard or bad LCD screen.
You’ll have to disconnect the video cable from the LCD screen (connector 2) and the inverter board (connectors 3 and 1). After that you connect another working screen and test video.

For this purpose I’m using one of my test LCD screens. My test screen is cracked and because of that you see a wide white band in the center but it still works fine for this test.
The original screen is white but my test screen works normal (except the crack of course) and I can see the image. After this test I can tell that the problem must be related to the screen.

After I assembled everything back together and connected the original LCD, it’s still white.

CONCLUSION. In my case this problem is related to the LCD screen and it has to be replaced.

Hard Disk

There are a few ways in which a hard disk can connect/interface with:

• (A)dvanced (T)echnology (A)ttachment (Also known as IDE, ATAPI and Parallel ATA)
• (S)erial ATA
• SCSI(Small computer system interface)

There are variants of each interface, and this article will not do justice to the different types of ATA, SATA and SCSI interfaces. Thus, it will only highlight the more common interfaces as used by the home user.

 

ATA (IDE, ATAPI, PATA)

ATA is a common interface used in many personal computers before the emergence of SATA. It is the least expensive of the interfaces.
Disadvantages

• Older ATA adapters will limit transfer rates according to the slower attached device (debatable)
• Only ONE device on the ATA cable is able to read/write at one time
• Limited standard for cable length (up to 18inches/46cm)

Advantages

• Low costs
• Large capacity

SATA

 SATA is basically an advancement of ATA.
Disadvantages

• Slower transfer rates compared to SCSI
• Not supported in older systems without the use of additional components

Advantages

• Low costs
• Large capacity
• Faster transfer rates compared to ATA (difference is marginal at times though)
• Smaller cables for better heat dissipation

SCSI

SCSI is commonly used in servers, and more in industrial applications than home uses.
Disadvantages

• Costs
• Not widely supported
• Many, many different kinds of SCSI interfaces
• SCSI drives have a higher RPM, creating more noise and heat

Advantages

• Faster
• Wide range of applications
• Better scalability and flexibility in Arrays (RAID)
• Backward compatible with older SCSI devices
• Better for storing and moving large amounts of data
• Tailor made for 24/7 operations
• Reliability

IPv4 Address	IPv6 Address
Internet address classes	Not applicable in IPv6
Multicast addresses (224.0.0.0/4)	IPv6 multicast addresses (FF00::/8)
Broadcast addresses	Not applicable in IPv6
Unspecified address is 0.0.0.0	Unspecified address is ::
Loopback address is 127.0.0.1	Loopback address is ::1
Public IP addresses	Aggregatable global unicast addresses
Private IP addresses (10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16)	Site-local addresses (FEC0::/48)
APIPA addresses (169.254.0.0/16)	Link-local addresses (FE80::/64)
Text representation: Dotted decimal notation	Text representation: Colon hexadecimal format with suppression of leading zeros and zero compression. IPv4-compatible addresses are expressed in dotted decimal notation.
Network bits representation: Subnet mask in dotted decimal notation or prefix length	Network bits representation: Prefix length notation only